5 Common Cleaning Methods for Machine Parts
Most machine parts need to be cleaned before, during, and after assembly, and some parts are also cleaned after the trial operation as needed. The purpose of cleaning parts is to remove various contaminants such as foundry sand, iron filings, rust, abrasives, oil stains, and dust remaining on their surfaces.
The cleanliness of the parts after cleaning will directly affect the assembly quality and the service life of the construction machinery. Therefore, the cleaning of the parts is a very important link in the assembly of construction machinery. The following is a detailed introduction to the main pollutants of machine parts and common cleaning methods for your reference.
The main pollutants in the machining process of machine parts are the following three
1. Water-soluble pollutants
In the process of processing and storage and transportation, hand sweat, dust, and fingerprints on the surface of the workpiece; high molecular polymers, inorganic salts, polyols, soluble emulsifiers, etc. after the metalworking fluid evaporates.
2. Saponified oily pollutants
Lubricating materials used in metal cutting and forming processes contain large amounts of animal and vegetable oils or modified products. This kind of animal and vegetable oil is a mixture of various esters composed of fatty acid and glycerol, which can be dissolved in various organic solvents. At the same time, such oils can undergo a saponification reaction with alkali.
3. Unsaponifiable oily pollutants
Cutting oil, forming lubricant, pickling passivation paste, metal anti-rust oil, quenching oil, etc. used in metal processing contains a large amount of mineral oil, high molecular polymer, oily additives, and sintered dirt. In the process of processing, the oil used for equipment such as guide oil and hydraulic oil leaked from the machine tool will also cause pollution to the workpiece.
Common cleaning methods
1. Scrub
Place the parts in a container of diesel, kerosene, or other cleaning fluid, and scrub with cotton gauze or brush. This method is simple in operation and simple in equipment, but has low efficiency, and is suitable for a single small batch of small parts. Under normal circumstances, it is not suitable to use gasoline, because it is fat-soluble, it will damage people's health and it is easy to cause a fire.
2. Boil and wash
Put the prepared solution together with the cleaned parts into a cleaning pool of appropriate size welded with steel plates, heat it to 80~90℃ with a stove under the pool, and cook and wash for 3~5min.
3. Spray wash
Spray the cleaning fluid with a certain pressure and temperature on the surface of the parts to remove oil stains. This method has a good cleaning effect and high production efficiency, but the equipment is complex, and it is suitable for cleaning parts with less complex shapes and serious grease on the surface.
4. Vibration cleaning
The parts to be cleaned are placed on the cleaning basket or cleaning rack of the vibrating cleaning machine and immersed in the cleaning liquid. The vibration of the cleaning machine simulates the artificial rinsing action and the chemical action of the cleaning liquid to remove oil stains.
5. Ultrasonic cleaning
The chemical action of the cleaning agent interacts with the "ultrasonic cavitation effect" of the ultrasonic cleaning machine to remove oil stains.
To clean the parts, the cleaning agent and cleaning method should be correctly selected according to their materials, structural characteristics, pollution conditions, and cleanliness requirements.
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